Osteopenia / osteoporosis

Loss of bone density (T-score between −1 and −2.5 osteopenia, below that osteoporosis). Causes fractures in a third of women and a fifth of men over 50; one-year mortality after hip fracture is 20–30%. Strength training, protein, D3+K2 and timely treatment slow it.

Last reviewed: 6 September 2026

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